Achilles Tendonitis

1. Causes: Achilles tendonitis is primarily caused by excessive or repetitive stress on the Achilles tendon. Common contributing factors include overtraining or sudden increases in physical activity, improper footwear, tight calf muscles, poor biomechanics, and a lack of proper warm-up or stretching before exercise.

2. Symptoms: The most common symptom of Achilles tendonitis is pain, which can range from mild to severe. The pain is typically felt along the back of the heel and may extend upward into the calf. It is often worse during physical activity, especially running or walking, and may improve with rest. In some cases, there may be swelling and tenderness around the affected area.

3. Types: There are two main types of Achilles tendonitis:

   • Noninsertional Achilles Tendonitis: This type involves fibers in the middle portion of the tendon that begin to break down with tiny tears. It’s often seen in younger, active individuals.

   • Insertional Achilles Tendonitis: This type occurs at the point where the tendon attaches to the heel bone. It can affect both younger and older individuals and is often associated with the development of bone spurs in the heel.

4. Diagnosis: A healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist, orthopedic specialist, skilled foot care specialist, MD, and a family doctor can diagnose Achilles tendonitis through a physical examination, a review of the patient’s medical history, and sometimes imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasound to assess the extent of tendon damage.

5. Treatment: Treatment for Achilles tendonitis typically involves a combination of conservative measures, including:

   • Rest: Reducing or modifying activities that worsen the condition to allow the tendon to heal.

   • Ice: Applying ice to the affected area to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

   • Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to manage pain and reduce inflammation.

   • Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can develop a rehabilitation program that includes stretching and strengthening exercises to improve tendon function and flexibility.

   • Orthotics: Custom or over-the-counter shoe inserts may help provide better support and reduce stress on the Achilles tendon.

   • Heel Lifts: These can reduce tension on the tendon by slightly elevating the heel.

   • Strapping or Bracing: Taping or using a brace may help support the tendon during activities.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent chronic Achilles tendon problems and potential complications, such as Achilles tendon tears. Individuals experiencing symptoms of Achilles tendonitis should seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.